8.1 How to Study the Prescribed Cases (the Method)

The case-answer's craft (the exam's discipline): the IRAC structure — the Issue (the professional-ethics question: whose duty, which standard, what machinery?), the Rule (the code's provision or the professional standard invoked), the Application (the court's reasoning on the duty and its breach or the right and its scope), the Conclusion (the holding + the principle's place in this course's map — Units 1-3's framework). The set's distinctive feature: in four of the five cases the advocate is the petitioner against the Government — the lawyer as litigant, testing the professional rights and duties (the right to practise, the bar's governance, the profession's relations with the state) through the writ jurisdiction; the fifth is advocate against advocate — the profession's internal world litigated. The study-frame: each case read as the course's doctrines in litigation. The honest note (these notes' standing method): the citations below are verbatim from the syllabus; the era-and-court context is given as the study-frame; the detailed facts and holdings must be read from the NKP reports and (for the fifth case) the Supreme Court website — as the syllabus itself directs. No facts are invented.