Nepal The banking line (the exam's dates): (1) Nepal Bank Limited, 1994 B.S. (1937/38) — the first bank (the Rana-era's joint-stock pioneer — Unit LAW 504's companion); (2) Nepal Rastra Bank, 2013 B.S. (1956/57) — the central bank (the NRB Act 2012's creation — the currency's issue, the system's regulation); (3) Rastriya Banijya Bank, 2022 B.S. — the state commercial bank; (4) the 1980s' opening (the joint-venture banks — the Nepal Arab Bank/NABIL 2041 era; the liberalisation's first wave); (5) the 1990s' expansion (the finance companies, the development banks — the BAFIA 2052/2063/2073's successive frames); (6) the modern era (the merger-and- acquisition waves, the digital payments, the financial-inclusion drives). The law's line: the NRB Act 2012 (the first frame) → the NRB Act 2058 (the modern central-bank statute); the Banking Act 2031 → the BAFIA 2052 → 2063 → 2073 (the banks-and-institutions' consolidated regime — the current law); the NIA 2034 (the negotiable instruments); the FERA 2019 (the exchange control); the Banking Offence Act 2064; the Loan Recovery Act 2058; the Secured Transaction Act 2063 — the syllabus's reading list as the law's map. Exam Focus Long questions: (i) The Nepal banking history's line (the dates-and-institutions ladder — the banker); (ii) The bank's functions (the need's list). Short questions: the goldsmith origin; the types of banks; BAFIA's classes.
Trick areas: (i) Nepal Bank Ltd (1994 B.S.) = the FIRST bank; Nepal Rastra Bank (2013 B.S.) = the CENTRAL bank — the confusion's classic; (ii) The bank "borrows to lend" — the intermediary's definition (not the mere safe-keeper); (iii) The current BAFIA = 2073 (the 2063 predecessor); (iv) The NRB's own Act = 2058 (the modern statute) though the NRB born 2013 B.S.