| Step | Question it answers |
|---|---|
| I — Issue | What legal question must be answered? |
| R — Rule | What rule(s) of law govern this issue? |
| A — Application | How does the rule apply to the facts of this case? |
| C — Conclusion | What is the answer to the issue? |
Illustration: A shopkeeper sells adulterated food (facts). Issue: what liability? Rule: Consumer Protection Act 2075 and Food Act 2023 provisions on adulteration. Application: the acts of the
shopkeeper fall within the definition of the offence. Conclusion: he is liable to the prescribed fine/ compensation.