8 B. The Executive

Two meanings: the political executive (Council of Ministers) and the permanent executive (civil service, police, army — administration). Nepal: executive power rests with the Council of Ministers (Art. 75); the PM is appointed under Art. 76's cascade; ministers must be or become MPs (Art. 78); the PM keeps the President informed (Art. 81). Functions: policy-making; administration and implementation; appointment and direction; foreign affairs and treaties (ratification by Parliament for listed matters — Art. 279); defence; emergency proposal (Art. 273); the daily government of the state. Parliamentary control: confidence rules (Art. 100), questions and debates, committee scrutiny, budget approval (Art. 119), impeachment of executives' appointees (Art. 101).