3 C. Principles of democracy (the seven-pillar list)

1. Popular sovereignty — all legitimate power flows from the people (Nepal: the Preamble; elections; universal suffrage at 18, Art. 84(5)); 2. Political equality — one person, one vote, one value (equal suffrage); 3. Majority rule with minority rights — decisions by majority, but dissent protected by fundamental rights (Part 3 of the Constitution) and the rule of law; 4. Rule of law and constitutionalism — even the majority is under the constitution (Art. 1; judicial review, Art. 133(1)); 5. Free, fair, periodic elections — organised by an independent Election Commission (Art. 245) under electoral laws; 6. Freedoms of expression, association, assembly, information (Arts. 17, 19, 27) — democracy's oxygen; 7. Accountability and participation — answerable government; citizens' right to take part in public affairs (at all three tiers in Nepal, down to ward assemblies). Related ideas for long answers: liberal vs illiberal democracy (free elections plus rights, or elections alone); procedural vs substantive democracy; Dahl's "polyarchy" (competition + participation) as the realistic measure.