5.6 Education (the anthropological view)

Enculturation's institutions: learning by participation (the child at the hearth, the herd, the rodi — Gurung youth houses as pedagogy; the gumba's novice training; gurukul/pathshala traditions); initiation rites as education's sacred form (Unit 2.4's van Gennep — bratabandha, gufa: adulthood taught in ritual); oral traditions and indigenous knowledge transmission (the dharma guru? — use the general form: shamanic lineages; Ayurvedic apprenticeships). Themodern encounter: school as the state's enculturation machine (Sociology Unit 6.5's manifest/ latent functions — here read ethnographically: the classroom's language hierarchy, the boarding- school status system); non-formal education (literacy classes, mothers' groups); and the anthropological critique of the schooling-as-development paradigm (whose knowledge counts? — the indigenous-knowledge debate of Unit 7's people-centred approaches).