5 B. In Nepal

1. Pre-history: before the discipline existed, its raw material was compiled — vamshavali chronicles, Hodgson's and later ethnographies, the census (first modern count 1911), and the legal codification of the social order itself (the Muluki Ain 1854 — a state sociology of caste). 2. The opening (1951) ended Rana closure; foreign researchers and development aid poured in — anthropology arrived before sociology, through village and ethnic studies. Dor Bahadur Bista's People of Nepal (1967)* became the classic portrait of the country's communities; his later Fatalism and Development (1991) argued that fatalism and the "afno manchhe"* (one's-own-people) patronage system blocked Nepali modernisation — a thesis still fought over today. 3. Institutionalisation: the Central Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tribhuvan University (1981) — a deliberately combined department, reflecting Nepal's conditions (a small, multi-ethnic society needing both lenses). From a single MA programme, sociology spread to hundreds of campuses and is now among the most popular subjects at the school and bachelor levels. 4. Nepali sociology's signature themes: caste/ethnicity and exclusion; development, aid and dependency; migration and remittance (the remade village); social movements (1951, 1990, 2006, Madhesh); religion and identity; federalism (Unit 7 draws on all of them). Professional infrastructure: the Sociological and Anthropological Society of Nepal (SASON) and its journal — the syllabus's reference list sits squarely in this tradition. 5. Why…