1.5 Social Welfare Policies, Measures and Models

The policies: the distributive (the benefits-spread (the public-goods-all (the growth-then-the- trickle)) vs. the redistributive (the taken-and-given (the progressive-tax's-take (the transfer's- give (the inequality-attacked-directly)))); The measures: the family-centric (the family-the-first- welfare-institution (the state-supports-the-family (the care-within))) + the mixed-economy (the state + the market + the voluntary (the welfare's-blended-delivery (the NGOs'-role))) + the institutional (the built-into-the-system (the universal-services (the welfare-as-the-society's- normal-organ-not-the-emergency's-crutch))); The models (the Esping-Andersen's-three-worlds — the name-level): the corporatist (the state-market-occupational-mix (the contribution-linked (the status-preserving (the conservative-continental-style))) + the universal (the everyone-covered (the tax-funded (the decommodification-maximum (the social-democratic- style))) + the residual (the safety-net-only (the market-first (the welfare-the-exception (the liberal-style (the means-tested-remainder)))); Nepal's-position: the mixed-and-emerging (the residual-elements + the targeted-expansion (the universal-allowance-growth (the honest- description: no-pure-model — the hybrid))) — the exam's-apply-question-ready.