1.6.1 State as a Social Welfare Institution
The state's-welfare-functions: the regulator (the standards-set) + the funder (the budget- allocated) + the provider (the services-delivered) + the guarantor (the rights-enforced (the court's- remedy (the writ's-role (the U2-U6's-cases'-engine)))); The modern-state's-welfare-face: the constitution's-socio-economic-chapter (the Nepal's-own: the employment (33), the labour (34), the health (35), the food (36), the housing (37), the social-security (43)) — the welfare-state-written-in.
1.6.2 Nepal as a Welfare State
The case-FOR: the constitutional-pledges (the Arts-33-43 + the 51(9)-(10) (the social-justice-and- inclusion-policies)) + the programmes' breadth (the allowances (the elderly, the widows, the Dalits, the disabled, the children) + the social-security-fund + the health-and-education-
expansion); The case-AGAINST (the honest-audit): the low-coverage (the informal-majority- outside) + the modest-amounts (the adequacy-question) + the implementation-gaps (the targeting-errors (the leakage (the federal-capacity-building))); The verdict (the exam's-balanced-answer): the welfare-state-aspiring (the architecture-present (the practice-catching-up (the "welfare state in the making" — the honest-frame))).