3.5 Multimodal Transportation of Goods

The multimodal concept: one contract-one operator-one document covering the sea-land-air's chain (the door-to-door delivery). The legal problem: the regimes' patchwork (each leg's different liability) — the multimodal operator's (MTO's) unity answer: the single-liability regime (the network-vs-uniform debate: the per-leg application vs the single standard). The instruments: the UN Multimodal Transport Convention 1980 (the unratified attempt); the commercial practice's solutions (the FIATA's MTD; the operators' standard terms). The landlocked trade's lifeline: the multimodal's especial Nepal relevance (the Kolkata-and-Visakhapatnam corridors: the through-B/L's practice; the customs' transit faces).