6.3 Fundamental Principles of the WTO

6.3.1 Market Access The barriers' reduction: the tariffs' binding (the schedules' ceiling); the quotas' elimination (the QRs' ban); the services' commitments (the GATS schedules); the access' negotiation's rounds. 6.3.2 Non-Discrimination The WTO's core: the MFN (most-favoured-nation) — the advantage to one = the advantage to all (the GATT Art I; the GATS-and-TRIPS parallels); the national treatment — the imports' equal- treatment domestically (the internal taxes-and-regulation — the GATT Art III); the exceptions' discipline (the FTAs' faces; the en route exceptions; the S&D's allowances). 6.3.3 Transparency The open-trading requirement: the laws' publication; the enquiry points; the notifications' duties; the TPRM's surveillance; the administration's fairness (the uniformity-impartiality — the Art X faces). 6.3.4 Restrictions on Unfair Trade The remedies' authorisation (U6.6's depth): the anti-dumping (the predatory pricing's answer); the countervailing duties (the subsidies' offset); the safeguards (the serious-injury's emergency protection — the fairness-exception's family). 6.3.5 Special and Differential Treatment of Developing and Least Developed Countries The S&D principle: the developing-and-LDC members' flexibilities — the longer periods; the lower commitments; the preferential access (the GSP-and-EBA faces); the LDC's special regime (the Doha mandate; the LDC package — Nepal's stake); the Aid-for-Trade faces; the critique (the S&D's reality-check: the flexibilities' over-use trap).