3 A. Distributive justice

• What it distributes: the benefits and burdens of common life — wealth, offices, honours, opportunities, taxes, risks — among the members of a community.• The criterion (Aristotle's geometric proportion): distribution according to worth/merit/need (the criterion contested by every school — merit, need, equality, rights, market); like shares to the like-worthy, more to the more-worthy — the proportion preserved.• Agents: legislatures, planners, administrators — distribution happens mainly through law-making and policy, not adjudication.• Modern apparatus: progressive taxation (Economics-I Unit 4's canon of equity); social protection allowances; quotas and inclusion (affirmative action — Sociology Unit 7.2); the constitutional directive principles; Rawls's difference principle as distributive justice's philosophical grammar.• Nepal in one line: the inclusion architecture — from PR-list quotas to civil-service provisions to equalisation grants under fiscal federalism — is distributive justice as statecraft.