4 B. Corrective (commutative) justice

• What it corrects:transactions and wrongs between individuals — restoring the equality disturbed by a breach or a wrong.• The criterion (arithmetic proportion): restore what was taken — the thief returns what was stolen plus penalty; the contract-breaker pays the loss; Aristotle's arithmetic: take from the gain where the loss is, balance the equation.• Agents: courts and tribunals — corrective justice is adjudication's own justice, the natural home of civil law (contracts, torts, restitution) and, in its penal extension, of criminal law.• Modern apparatus: damages, restitution, specific performance, injunctions; the writ jurisdiction (mandamus, certiorari — restoring legality); and criminal sentencing's compensatory strands (victim compensation).