| Level | England & Wales | Nepal |
|---|---|---|
| Apex | UK Supreme Court (since 2009; before, the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords) | Supreme Court — constitutional bench + ordinary benches |
| Appellate | Court of Appeal (Civil/Criminal Divisions) | 7 High Courts — Biratnagar, Janakpur, Patan, Pokhara, Tulsipur, Surkhet, Dipayal — with 11 benches |
| First instance | Crown Court (criminal), County Court (civil), tribunals | 77 District Courts |
| Specialised | tribunals (employment, immigration…) | special courts (e.g., for designated offences) |
| Local | magistrates (lay) | judicial committees at local governments (quasi-judicial) |
| Judges' appointments | Judicial Appointments Commission | Judicial Council — Jurisprudence/ Legal Method's institution |
Language notes:claimant/defendant (England's modern terms) vs Nepal's terms for plaintiff and defendant; prosecution/defence; counsel; "bench" and "bar" (that is, the bench and the advocates) — the English of the courtroom must be exact about roles.