2 The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961

The VCDR — adopted 18 April 1961, in force 1964, ratified by the overwhelming majority of states (Nepal a party) — codified centuries of custom (Grotius to the 1815 Vienna Regulation) into the positive law of diplomacy. Its architecture: the mission's establishment and functions; the head ofmission; the mission's staff; the end of functions; privileges and immunities; and the optional protocols (disputes, compulsory settlement).The premise to state (Article 2): diplomatic relations are established by consent; severance is possible without breaking consular relations (Article 2(3) — the classic device of keeping a consular channel open at ambassador level's fall).Ending the mission (Article 43): functions end on recall/acceptance of recall, dismissal, PNG, war (with Article 44–45 protecting premises, archives and departure).