2 Composition of Federal Parliament (Articles 83–92)

Bicameral (Article 83): House of Representatives + National Assembly. 1. House of Representatives (Article 84): 275 members — 165 by FPTP from single-member constituencies + 110 by proportional representation (whole country one constituency, closed party lists with the mandated inclusion groups: women, Dalit, Adivasi Janajati, Khas Arya, Madhesi, Tharu, Muslim, backward regions — plus disability representation); voting age 18; candidacy from any constituency (one only); the one-third women rule (84(8): each party's total must be ≥ 1/3 women, topped up through PR); term 5 years (85(1)); emergency extension up to one year, ending within six months of the emergency's end (85(2)-(3)); 2. National Assembly (Article 86): the permanent house — 59 members: 56 elected by an electoral college of provincial assembly members + village/municipal chairs-and-deputies (weighted votes), 8 per province including at least 3 women, 1 Dalit, 1 disabled-or-minority member; 3 nominated by the President on government recommendation (at least one woman); 6-year terms with one-third retiring every two years (the lottery cycle) — the staggered permanent chamber; 3. Membership rules: qualifications — citizen; 25 years (HoR) / 35 years (NA); no moral- turpitude conviction; no office of profit; no dual-house membership (Article 87); oath before participating (88); seat vacation — resignation, disqualification, term expiry, absence from 10 consecutive meetings without notice, party-expulsion notification, death (Article 89); disqualification finally decided…