2.5 Principle of Estoppel

The inconsistency's bar: the party who asserted (or accepted) a state of affairs cannot deny it to the other's detriment — "the rule of evidence which precludes a person from denying the truth of some statement formerly made by himself" (the classic's definition). The elements: the representation (the conduct-or-statement), the other's reliance, the detriment's change. The kinds: the promissory, the equitable, the estoppel-by-record-and-by-deed. The law's faces: the Evidence Act's estoppel provisions; the Civil Code 2074's general-equity interfaces; the constitutional limits (the fraud-and-law's exceptions — no estoppel against the statute).