| Defence | Type | Key test | Nepali anchor | Prescribed case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infancy | Excuse (capacity) | Age ladder; juvenile justice | Code's age bands; Children's Act | — |
| Insanity | Excuse (capacity) | M'Naghten: nature/ wrongness knowledge | Code's unsoundness-of- mind provisions | |
| Mistake | Mens- negation (fact) | Honest (and reasonable) error | Code's mistake provisions | Kesh BahadurBudhathoki (NLR 2062) |
| Intoxication | Excuse (limited) | Involuntary full; voluntary negates specific intent | Code's intoxication provisions | — |
| Private defence | Justification | Imminence, necessity, proportionality; three heads | Code's private- defence provisions | |
| Necessity | Justification | Lesser evil; no alternative | Code's necessity- type provisions | — |
| Duress | Excuse | Imminent grave threat; reasonable resistance | Code's compulsion provisions | — |
| Superior order | Excuse (limited) | Manifest unlawfulness limit | Army discipline law + constitutional supremacy | — |
| General-defence jurisprudence | — | — | — |
6 The Consolidated Map (the course's final table)
यो उत्तर युनिट १ मा छ — पूरै निःशुल्क।
यही युनिटका अरू उत्तर
- 1 Meaning and Nature of Crime निःशुल्क
- Explain the nature and attributes of crime, illustrating the historical relativity of criminalization with Nepali examples. निःशुल्क
- Distinguish crime from tort and breach of contract. निःशुल्क
- Can one act give rise to all three liabilities? निःशुल्क
नोट AI-सहयोगमा बनेका हुन्; मुद्दाको नाम, मिति र धारा पाठ्यपुस्तक र नेपाल कानून पत्रिकासँग आफै जाँच्नुहोस्।