Explain the legal position of insurgents and belligerents in international law, with reference to recognition of belligerency and Common Article 3.

An international legal person is an entity possessing capacity — in its own name — to bear rights and duties under international law: to make treaties, bring claims, own property internationally, and be responsible. Personality is relative, not absolute (the Reparations case's teaching): it varies in scope by entity; the full-capacity subject remains the state, with all others possessing derivative or functional personalities. The analytical question for each candidate below: capacity of what kind, from what source?