4 International Organizations

The Reparations for Injuries case (ICJ Advisory Opinion, 1949) — the charter of IO personality: the UN possesses international legal personality — "a subject of international law and capable of possessing international rights and duties" — inferred from the Charter's ends and functions (the implied powers doctrine of the same case family), though not a super-state: personality sui generis, functional (capacity proportionate to the organization's purposes — the scope formula for every IO).Features of IO personality: treaty-making capacity (VCT 1986 on organizations); privileges and immunities (Unit 9); claim-bringing (the Reparations claim itself — for staff injuries); responsibility (the ILC's 2011 Articles on Responsibility of International Organizations — the mirror of ARSIWA); membership obligations; and the HQ agreements' law. The personality's source: the constituent treaty — derivative, consent-based (states' consent, pooled). Examples by capacity: the UN (broadest); the specialized agencies; the EU (the most state-like — legal personality express, foreign-relations competence, its own court); and the WTO's member-driven contrast.