Where does Nepal stand?

Classic definitions:• Oppenheim: international law is "the body of rules which are legally binding on civilised states in their intercourse with each other" — the positivist, states-only definition (and the era's vocabulary).• Modern definition (the course's working text): international law is the body of legal rules and principles that governs the relations among states and between states and other subjects of international law — international organizations, individuals (in defined roles), and special entities — across war and peace, territory, sea, space, treaties, responsibility and human rights.• The World Court's statutory frame: Article 38(1) of the ICJ Statute (Unit 2) supplies the functional definition — the law the Court applies: treaties, custom, general principles, and the subsidiary sources.Nature of international law (the true/false debate to structure answers):1. Law or morality? John Austin dismissed it as "positive international morality" — rules of conduct set by general opinion, not commands of a sovereign backed by sanction. The answer (Oppenheim's, Starke's and the century's verdict): international law is law because its subjects obey it as law (opinio juris), because its breach attracts sanction (countermeasures, responsibility, Chapter VII enforcement, reputational costs), and because courts and tribunals apply it daily — the weakness of centralized enforcement (no world police) differs in degree, not kind, from weak municipal systems.2. Law of coordination, not subordination (the structural point):…