4 Effect of Recognition and Non-Recognition

Effects of recognition (the checklist):1. Diplomatic and treaty capacity: relations, missions (VCDR regime — IRD Unit 6), agreements;2. Capacity to sue and be sued in the recognizing state's courts; acts of state given effect (the Luther v. Sagor operation);3. Immunities: the recognized state/government's sovereign immunity (Unit 9);4. Property and acts: title to state property (the Guillermo case's funds); continuity of public acts;5. Retroactivity doctrine: recognition dated back to the entity's assumption of control (the classic rule's modern scepticism);6. The private-law shield: individuals' transactions with the recognized authority protected.Effects of non-recognition:1. No diplomatic relations/treaty inter se; no standing of its acts in the non-recognizing courts (subject to comity and pragmatism — the Princess Paley Olga line on unrecognized governments' acts of everyday law);2. No immunity plea (the unrecognized entity's litigation dilemma);3. Collective non-recognition (the Stimson doctrine, 1932 — non-recognition of situations created by illegal force): an obligation not a discretion where aggression is implicated (Rhodesia; Kuwait's annexation 1990; Crimea 2014) — the legality/legitimacy system's teeth;4. The unrecognized entity's practical limbo: Northern Cyprus (recognized only by Turkey — the Security Council's call for non-recognition), Somaliland, Transnistria — functioning without personality.