3 Rights and Duties of Asylum-Seekers

The asylum-seeker's rights (the status ladder before recognition):1. Non-refoulement pending determination — no return while the claim is examined (the provisional-protection core);2. Non-penalization of entry (1951 Convention Article 31 — refugees arriving irregularly not penalized, if presenting without delay);3. Minimum treatment: basic humane standards — documentation, non-discrimination, essential subsistence, family unity's respect, children's guardianship, access to the determination procedure;4. Fair procedure: to be heard, to information, to appeal/review of refusal;5. Upon recognition: the refugee-rights ladder (employment, education, social security, movement documents) to the assimilation standard.The asylum-seeker's duties (the mirror list):1. Duty to conform to the granting state's laws and public order (1951 Convention Article 2);2. Duty of cooperation with the determination process (truthful claims, documents);3. No abuse of asylum's premises (the mission's non-inviolability — below);4. Subsequent good conduct — the refugee's continuing duties, and the exclusion-and- expulsion standards (the Convention's Articles 32–33: expulsion only on national security/public order grounds, with procedural guarantees; no expulsion to danger).The granting state's correlative: the duty of protection and humane treatment; the duty to examine claims in good faith (non-refoulement's procedural shadow); and — the balance the century debates — the duty not to let its territory become a base for hostile activity against the home state (the non-refoulement vs. non-interference equilibrium: the sheltered opposition's political activity's limits — the Latin American doctrine's "no political…