7 Limitations on Immunities (the cross-cutting list)

1. Waiver — express by the sending state (VCDR Art. 32; states' treaty submissions in arbitration; commercial-activity waiver by contract conduct); waiver of jurisdiction ≠ waiver of execution;2. Duration's limits — immunities end with function (departure; mission's end; official-act immunity's endurance as the exception);3. Personal scope's gradations — family, staff, honorary officials (the calibrated VCDR Art. 37);4. Subject-matter carve-outs — the restrictive immunity's exceptions (commercial, employment, territorial tort, immovables);5. The abuse answers — PNG (the individual's recall), the mission premises' misuse (Art. 41's duty — the Assange embassy saga as the era's emblem: premises' inviolability against the fugitive's harboring's abuse);6. Jus cogens/human rights arguments — the Pinochet openings against the Jurisdictional Immunities bar (below);7. Insurance and compensation schemes (the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic's era — the diplomat-driver's civil liability's practical answers).