Looting (robbery), by the Code's scheme: looting is theft ripened by force — theft in which the offender, in order to the taking or the carrying away, voluntarily causes or attempts to cause death or hurt, or wrongfully restrains any person; and its twin form — extortion ripened into robbery: where the threat is of instant death/hurt/forceful restraint and the property is delivered then and there (the highwayman's alternative). The three ingredients to state: theft/extortion + force or threat of instant force + the causal purpose (the force serving the taking or carrying away).
The family's grading:
1. Looting (robbery) — the individual violent taker;
2. Dakaiti (dacoity) — looting committed by a gang (the statutorily-defined number acting conjointly — the gang's organized danger); attempted dacoity itself punishable (the preparation-conspiracy of Unit 5, Criminal Law-I, made offence);
3. Extortion (the non-violent threat: delivery induced by fear of future injury — the blackmail structure) — the family's least grave, looting's stepping-stone;
4. Aggravations: with weapons, at night, on highways, causing grievous hurt or death — the sentencing ladder's top.
The Nepali reality to note: the highway and border-trade robbery patterns; the dacoity tradition of the Terai's criminal lore; and the gang-robbery statute's use against organized crime's modern forms.