The method's discipline — the obstacles' catalogue (the exam's analytical core):
1. The language problem: law lives in language — terms without equivalents (Rechtsgeschäft, trust, lalpurja, viveka-difference); the translation's treacheries;
2. The cultural embeddedness: the same institution working differently in different soil (the French juge d'instruction transplanted to Latin America; the stare decisis received as suggestion) — the functional method's answer: compare solutions, not names;
3. The sources' accessibility: foreign materials' rarity, the unofficial-translations' risk, the law- in-action's invisibility (the code says, the court does otherwise);
4. The bias problem: ethnocentrism (one's own system as the yardstick) and the "model- worship" of the reformer (the transplanted-code mismatch — Legrand and Watson's transplantation debate);
5. The complexity problem: the foreign system's totality (history, doctrine, practice, profession) — the comparativist's lifetime per family;
6. The classification problem: the families' boundaries (mixed systems — South Africa, Scotland, the Philippines, Quebec — defying the taxonomy; religious-secular hybrids; Nepal's own mixed character: civil-law codes on a common-law procedure tradition with Hindu-law family substrate).