8 Inter-Country Adoption

1. The framework: the Children's Act 2075's inter-country chapter — the last-resort principle (domestic placement first — the CRC-and-Hague logic); the Central Authority mechanism (the Council's-and-Committee's machinery for the foreign adoptions); the matched-and-cleared cases only (the child's adoptability certification); the follow-up-and-reporting obligations (the receiving-country reports; the post-adoption monitoring); 2. The history's lesson: the orphanage-industry scandals (the conflict-era and post-earthquake adoptions' irregularities — the child-trafficking-and-fabricated-orphan findings) → the moratorium era and the restrictive reopening — Nepal's cautionary institutional story (the exams' governance paragraph); 3. The missing instrument: Nepal not a party to the Hague Intercountry Adoption Convention (the accession debate — the standards' partial domestication without the treaty membership; state carefully); 4. The child's-rights anchors: the identity-and-citizenship guarantees (Article 39; the Citizenship Act's adoption provisions); the trafficking bars (HTT Act 2064).