3 Ancestral Property, Personal Property and Joint Property

TypeSourceIncidentsAncestralInherited/coparcenary lineage property (the father's-and-forefathers' acquisitions descending)Coparceners' birth-shares; the manager's stewardship; partition's object par excellenceJoint (joint- family) propertyThe family's commonly-held acquisitions: income-of-joint-efforts, the family business, joint acquisitionsThe presumption of jointness (the burden on the separate-claimant — the Timilsina case's rule); partition's objectPersonal (self- acquired)The member's separate acquisitions: own earnings, gift-and-bequest to oneself, the separate-property incomeThe acquirer's own; excluded from partition (unless thrown into the common stock — the blend's proof questions) The presumptions-and-burdens (the litigation's daily bread): the joint presumption of family-held property (the onus on the personal-property claimant — Prem Prasad Timilsina v. Ramananda Timilsina, NKP 2075, Vol. 4, D.No. 10035: the unregistered household-separation insufficient; the self-acquired claimant's proof burden; the gift-deeds from the joint stock remaining joint); the income-separation doctrines; the blended-fund problems.