3 Offer

1. Meaning: the offeror's definite proposal — the willingness to be bound on the offeree's acceptance (the pollicitatio): intention + definiteness + communication; 2. Rules of a valid offer: (i) the intent-to-contract (seriousness — the social-and-domestic arrangements excluded); (ii) definiteness (the terms certain — no "roughly maybe"); (iii) communication to the offeree; (iv) not a mere invitation; (v) the terms' compliance (the acceptance's mirror — below); 3. Types: express/implied; specific (to a person) vs. general (to the world — the reward-and- public-tender: the Carlill line by name only); cross-offers (no contract — the two simultaneous offers not matching); counter-offer (the original's rejection + a new offer); standing/open- and-continuing offers (the supply-framework's tenders); 4. Communication — electronic: the offer by e-mail-and-platform (the Code's communication rules meeting the ETA 2063: the electronic record's dispatch-and-receipt moments; the mailbox-vs-receipt debate below); 5. Revocation and termination: before acceptance's completion (the revocation's communication reaching the offeree before acceptance dispatched/received — the Code's rule); the lapse: the stated time's expiry; the reasonable time (the perishable offer); the offeree's failure of conditions; the offeror's-or-offeree's death-and-incapacity; the rejection-and- counter; 6. Offer vs. invitation to treat: the shop-display, the catalogue, the advertisement, the tender- notice, the auction's invitation — invitations to negotiate, not offers (the acceptance's direction reversed: the customer offers, the shop accepts — the everyday doctrine to apply…