2 Parole Evidence Rule

The integration rule: where the contract is in writing (the final-and-complete instrument), the extrinsic prior-and-contemporary oral-or-statement evidence inadmissible to contradict-or-vary its terms — the document as the exclusive memorial. The exceptions (the exam's list): to show the contract's invalidity (fraud, mistake, illegality — Unit 5's vitiators); the collateral contract (a separate oral agreement not inconsistent); ambiguity's resolution-and- tradent (the interpretation's aid); the usage-and-custom's incorporation; the writing's incompleteness (the "subject-to-contract" family). The Nepali position: the Evidence Act's documentary rules + the Civil Procedure Code's evidentiary frame (the writing's primacy with the judicial discretion's breadth — the rule's spirit rather than its strict-English form; the registration- linked contracts' own discipline — the unregistered likhit rule of Property Law, Semester 3).