2 Void Contract — the Grounds

1. Unlawful agreements: the object-or-consideration illegal — the agreement forbidden by law; the ex turpi causa bar (no action arising from iniquity: the courts' clean hands, both parties left where the law finds them); 2. Statutory illegality: the agreement's performance an offence (the smuggling-and-betting contracts); the licensing-and-regulatory illegality (the unlicensed-but-regulable transactions' voidness-or-enforceability debate — the serious-vs-technical illegality spectrum); the fraudulent-and-evading purposes (the tax-dodging sham); 3. Immoral agreements and agreements opposed to public policy: the immorality head (the brothel-keeping leases, the vice-services); the public policy family (the classic catalogue): trading with the enemy (the wartime bar); stifling prosecution (the compound-a- crime agreements — Criminal Law's compounding frame, Semester 3); maintenance-and- champerty (the litigation-funding bar's old strictness — the modern loosening); sale of public offices-and-honours; marriage-brokerage; interference with justice (the witness-and-jury tampering); restraint of trade (the unduly-restrictive covenants — the reasonableness test: the modern rule's validation of the reasonable restraints: the sale-of-goodwill-and-employment covenants); restraint of marriage-and-parental rights; the unfair-and-oppressive terms (the unconscionability's public-policy face); 4. Impossible contract: the initial impossibility (the thing already destroyed, the legal impossibility, the physical-and-practical impossibility) — void ab initio; the discovery-of- impossibility cases; (the subsequent impossibility = the frustration doctrine of Unit 7 — keep the initial/subsequent divide clean); 5. Uncertain contract: the terms' vagueness fatal (the "meaningless-and-unascertainable" promises — the certainty essential's other face); 6. Nepalese…