1. Codified duality: the civil-and-criminal codes' parallel architecture with the Evidence Act's common spine;
2. The reconciliation-first culture: the mediation-and-milaap mandate (the civil-and-family routes' settlement stage; the Mediation Act's institutional frame) — the procedure's peace- making face;
3. The writ overlay's vigor: the constitutional jurisdiction's summary power — the citizen's- and-court's most-used extraordinary instrument (the PIL-and-rights docket);
4. The quasi-judicial breadth: the administrative adjudication's wide map (above) — and the review's discipline;
5. The bench specialization's growth: Unit 5's full survey (the civil, criminal, juvenile, commercial, constitutional, family benches);
6. The oral-and-written hybrid: the pleadings' writing + the trial's orality (the common-law inheritance) in the codes' civil-law frame;
7. The reform-era dynamism: the delay-and-backlog cures (the continuous hearing, the DCM, the IT systems — Unit 5) — the Nepali procedure's self-conscious modernization;
8. The access's unfinished business: the cost-and-distance barriers; the execution crisis; the language-and-literacy gaps (the legal-aid machinery's Article 20(10) — the underused guarantee).