7.1 Meaning of Goods, Kind of Goods and Sale of Goods

Goods = every kind of movable property other than actionable claims and money — the English Sale of Goods Act's classic definition (name only), which the South Asian codes copied. Kinds (the three-way map): | Class | Meaning | Example | |---|---|---| | Existing goods — owned/possessed by the seller at contract | Specific (identified and agreed at contract); Ascertained (identified later, before appropriation); Unascertained/Generic (out of a described mass, not yet picked) | "My Yamaha scooter, chassis no. X"; 50 bags out of this godown's lot; "100 bags of Shakti cement, ex-warehouse" | | Future goods | To be manufactured, acquired or grown by the seller after contract | This season's basmati crop; the factory's next production run | | Contingent goods | A species of future goods — acquisition itself contingent on an uncertain event | Goods to arrive only if the ship arrives; the auction lot if the seller wins the bid | Sale of goods = a contract by which the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a price (a money consideration). Nepal's Muluki Civil Code 2074, Part 5, Chapter 6 (Contracts of Sales of Goods) is the governing dedicated chapter — verified from the Code's official table of contents — replacing the general contract law's improvised coverage…