2.1 Concept, Nature and Elements of Cyber Crime

The concept: the crime-involving-the-computer (the two-faces: the computer-as-target (the hacking (the system's-violation)) and the computer-as-tool (the fraud-and-the-harassment's- online)); The elements (the exam's-trio): the actus (the electronic-act (the access (the modification (the transmission)))); the mens-rea (the intent (the dishonest-or-the-malicious (the "unauthorised"'s-core))); the electronic-environment (the network's-the-device's (the "cyber"- element's)); The nature: the borderless (the cross-jurisdiction's (the investigation's-nightmare)); the anonymous (the attribution's-challenge (the IP's-and-the-VPN's (the mask's))); the scalable (the one-to-many (the mass-victimisation's)); the evidentiary-volatility (the logs'-and-the-deletion's (the U2.4's-chain)).