2.3 Sovereignty over Aerospace

The sovereignty's vertical question: the airspace (the sovereign column) vs the outer space (the free province — Unit 8's regime) — the boundary's absence in positive law (the delimitation debate of 8.3: the spatialist's Karman-line candidates against the functionalist's approach); the sovereignty's practical floor: the state's control over the aircraft's entry, the routes, the altitudes, and the surveillance; the modern complications — the drones' low-altitude invasion (the sovereignty's cheap violation), the missiles-and-space-objects' overflight (the space-law's exemption from the sovereignty's column), and the GPS-and-satellite signals (the spectrum's ITU regime above the territorial question). 2.3.1 Nationality and Registration of Aircraft The principle (Articles 17–21): the aircraft's nationality = the registration state (Article 17); the single registration (Article 18 — no dual nationality); the national-registry requirements (Article 19 — the state's own rules for entry); the registration's publicity (Article 20 — the nationality-and-registration marks; Article 21 — the registry's information to ICAO). The functions: the jurisdiction's anchor (the flag state's law-and-control), the responsibility's anchor (the safety oversight — the state's ICAO duties over its registered aircraft), the security- interest's anchor (the ownership-and-liens' record — the financing world's Cape Town faces), and the deregistration-and-export questions of the leasing era (the 2015/2020 leasing amendments' lore). 2.3.2 International Law and Procedure on Registration of Aircraft (Discuss the national legislative context too) The international layer: the Chicago…