Explain the emergence of CSR and its approaches to implementation.

Corporate governance = the system by which companies are directed and controlled (the Cadbury definition's family — the board's-and-shareholders'-and-stakeholders' architecture of Units 1–4 given its theory-name): the who-decides, for-whom, checked-by-whom of the corporate person. The concept's layers: the agency-relationship's management (the directors- shareholders'-and-managers' chains), the accountability's machinery (the disclosure-and-audit- and-meeting faces), the fairness-and-transparency's norms (the stakeholders' treatment), and the responsibility's face (the law's-and-the society's compliance). The concept's core question: whose company is it? — the shareholder-vs-stakeholder debate (1.14's Dodge-vs-modern-formula war).