Explain the non-formal legal systems of Nepal and their influence on the formal system.

1. Kirant (the proto-history): the earliest polity's oral-tradition law — the kirant custom (the tribal council's justice; the mangpa-type elders): the written record's absence making custom the era's whole law; 2. Lichchhavi (c. 300–880 AD): the first documented state — the inscriptions' law (the abhilekh corpus): the king's-and-court's orders, the land-and-tax administration, the kuther, sholla, ligwal, mapchok functionaries (the officials' specialized courts of the inscriptions); the Sanskritic-and-Indian legal culture's early reception; the guilds-and-villages' self-governance; 3. Malla (c. 1200–1769): the valley-and-hill kingdoms — the manthali justice (the court's assemblies); the written thitis (the custom-articles); the urban self-governance of the Newar towns (the guthi system's classical age); the Dharmashastra's penetration; the arts-and- manuscripts' legal records; 4. Shah (1769–1846): the unification's law: King Ram Shah of Gorkha's Thiti (the 17th- century code before the dynasty's culmination) — the famed justice maxims ("if justice is denied, go to Gorkha" — the nyaya chahane Gorkha jaanu tradition); the Shah kings' sanads-and-lalmohars (the royal decrees-and-letters); the customary plurality of the absorbed principalities; the Kausal Ain's pre-history and the legal consolidation's beginnings (Prithvi Narayan's-and-Bahadur Shah's administrative texts); 5. Rana (1846–1951): the century's centralization: the Muluki Ain 1910 BS (1854) — the subcontinent's first unified national code (below); the Nyayabikasini — the era's digest/ commentary tradition (the juristic literature supplementing the code — the nyaya-explication genre of the…