3.3 Subsistence, Ownership and Term of Industrial Design

Subsistence: the registration's dependency (the deposit-and-examination route — a lighter regime than the patent's: the formality-and-novelty checks, the publication-and-opposition faces); the Paris priority's application (the six-month window's claim for the convention applicants). The unregistered-and-copyright overlap: the applied-art bridge — where the two-dimensional artistic work (copyright) meets the three-dimensional article (design), the dual-protection debates live (the Nepali Copyright Act's applied-art faces and the U5 cross-reference); the industrial- design's requirement that the design be applied to an article by industrial process keeps the pure artwork out. Ownership: the creator's default; the employment-and-commission allocation (the employer's-and-commissioner's claims); the assignment-and-succession chains (the recordal's discipline). Term: the TRIPS floor and the national terms — the protection of at least ten years (the TRIPS standard), typically structured in renewals (the initial period plus the extensions per the national statute — the current Act's terms to be read from the text); the term's logic: shorter than the patent (the design's commercial life is quicker).