Discuss (d) Madrid System

A trademark is the sign that distinguishes — a visible sign (word, name, symbol, device, numeral, label, or combination) representing one business's goods or services against all others'. It is the consumer's shorthand: the origin's signal, the quality's promise, and the goodwill's container. The elements: (1) distinctiveness — the capacity to distinguish (inherent or acquired); (2) non-deceptiveness and legality — no deception of the public, no barred signs (flags, state emblems, immoral matter); (3) use or intent to use in trade — the bona fide commercial nexus; (4) visual perceptibility — the Nepali Act's face (the non-traditional sound- and-scent marks remain a comparative debate).