2.3 Membership of United Nations

Original members (the San Francisco states party to the Declaration) and admitted members: admission by the General Assembly upon the Security Council's recommendation (Article 4 — the peace-loving-state test, Charter-acceptance and willingness: in practice, the universal- membership era — the Recommendation's politics notwithstanding). Suspension (Article 5 — rights of exercise suspended where preventive or enforcement action is taken against the member) and expulsion (Article 6 — persistent Charter violation: never used). Withdrawal: the Charter is silent — the doctrine of implied right (Indonesia's 1965 walk-out-and-return the classic incident). The P5's admission-veto (the practice of the Cold War's blocked applications — the 1955 package including Nepal's admission as the logjam's breakthrough).