1.7 The Application of Tort Law in the Nepalese Legal System

The Nepali reality's shape: 1. The historical absence: the Muluki Ain's world had no general tort chapter — the wrongs lived in the criminal-and-property provisions; the tort thinking arrived through the courts' compensation jurisprudence and the academic borrowing. 2. The Civil Code 2074's arrival: the Code's defined tort faces — the compensation rights for bodily harm, property damage and defamation; the civil liability for personal-and-professional negligence (the Code's modernisation of the private-law wrongs — the Code's own "torts and remedies" contribution). 3. The constitutional layer: the rights' violations and the compensation jurisdiction (the writ courts' compensation orders — the custodial-death-and-torture jurisprudence; the SC's Art 133 practice). 4. The statutes' tort faces: the consumer protection (U5–U6), the environmental compensation (Art 30's face — Human Rights Law's interface), the labour-and-industrial injury schemes, the road-and-transport faces. 5. The honest audit: the tort culture's youth — the damages' timidity, the insurance's thinness, the doctrine's undeveloped state; the classroom's task (the cases' scarcity the candid note).