2.6 The Risk: Meaning, Elements and Scope of Risk, Commencement, Attachment, Duration, Alteration, Risk and Duty Assured and Application of Rules in Different Insurance

The risk — the insured peril: the uncertainty's object. The elements: the peril (the cause — fire, death, collision); the hazard (the condition influencing the peril — the moral-and-physical hazards); the exposure (the subject's position). The scope: the policy's enumeration (the named perils vs the all-risks faces; the exclusions — the war, the nuclear, the intentional-loss bars). The commencement-and-attachment: the cover's start (the policy's inception date; the premium's payment faces — the cover note's temporary protection). The duration: the period's terms (the annual norm; the long-term life policies). The alteration: the risk's change (the material alteration's duty — the disclosure's continuation; the mid-term changes' notification; the occupation-and-use changes). The risk-and-duty assured: the insurer's duty crystallises when the insured peril causes the loss (the proximate cause's rule of U2.8). The rules' application across the insurances: the life (the death risk — the suicide clauses' lore), the fire (the ignition- and-spread), the motor (the collision-and-liability faces), the marine (the perils-of-the-sea).