2.8 Claim: Doctrine of Proximate Cause, Burden of Proof, Doctrine of Contribution, Doctrine of Subrogation and Claim Procedure for Reinsurance

The proximate cause — the effective-and-dominant cause's rule: the loss is covered when the insured peril is the proximate cause (the chains-of-causation puzzles: the excluded peril's intervention; the concurrent-causes' lore). The burden of proof — the insured proves the insured peril's occurrence; the insurer proves the exclusion (the repudiation's justification duty); the surveyor's report's role (the U7 surveyor's machinery). The contribution — the double- insurance's rule: the multiple policies on the same interest-and-risk — each insurer pays its rateable proportion (no double recovery — the indemnity's discipline). The subrogation — the insurer's succession: the paying insurer steps into the insured's rights against the wrongdoer (the indemnity's corollary — the recovery belongs to the insurer; the insured's duty-not-to-prejudice; the third-party motor face — the victim's direct rights' modern doctrines). The claim's procedure: the notice (the immediate intimation); the claim form; the surveyor's appointment (the loss's assessment); the documents (the life: the death certificate; the fire: the fire brigade's report; the motor: the police's report); the payment-or-repudiation (the regulator's timelines-and- ombudsman faces). The reinsurance claim: the cedant's claim on the reinsurer (the treaty's terms; the follow-the-settlements lore) — the original claim's settlement-and-the-reinsurance recovery's distinctness. The prescribed cases (cited verbatim; the honest notes): Rastriya Bima Sansthan v. Indrajeet Tiwari (NKP 2069, No. 4, p. 574) and Everest Insurance Ltd. v. Narayan Prasad Parajuli…