4.3 Insurance against Third Party Risks and the Motor Vehicles

The compulsory third-party insurance — the Motor Vehicles and Transport Management Act 2049's requirement: no vehicle on the road without the third-party cover (the victim's protection policy). The third-party's face: the victim's claim against the insured driver-owner; the insurer's liability to pay (the judgment's faces — the direct action's debates); the insurer's defences' limits (the victim's protection vs the insured's breaches — the "pay first, argue later" faces). The claim's machinery: the accident's report (the police's faces); the injured's claim (the bodily-injury-and- death compensations); the property damage. The uninsured vehicle's problem: the victim's remedy against the owner-driver (the uninsured's personal liability); the hit-and-run faces. The Nepal practice: the tariff-and-claims discipline; the insurer's third-party departments; the courts' motor-case jurisprudence (the tort-course interface — LAW5505).