2.3 Nature and Characteristics of Organized Crime

1. The structure — the hierarchy-or-network (the boss-and-soldier pyramids vs the modern flat cells). 2. The continuity — the enterprise outlives the members (the succession's institutional face). 3. The violence-or-corruption's duality — the market discipline by force; the state's protection purchased (the official's cut). 4. The illegal market's specialisation — the product lines (the U3 catalogue). 5. The profit's laundering need — the dirty money's cleaning (the U3.5 route). 6. The transnational reach — the routes-and-jurisdictions' spread. 7. The ethnic-and-kinship myths-and-realities — the bonding's sociology (the trust structures) against the stereotype's critique. The Nepali prescribed case on the elements (cited verbatim): Sita Ram Giri v. Government of Nepal (075-CR-0224, decision date 2080-03-25 B.S.) — the Supreme Court's recent decision on the elements of organised crime (the syllabus's own annotation): the Court's elaboration of what makes a crime "organised" under the Nepali law's faces — read the decision's full text for the precise elements-and-ratio (the honest note: the details should be taken from the report).