3.6 Cybercrime and Online Fraud

The faces: the hacking (the unauthorised access), the phishing-and-social engineering, the online frauds (the romance-and-investment scams), the ransomware (the encryption hostage), the identity theft, the digital forgery, the darknet markets (the drugs-and-data bazaars). The Nepal law: the Electronic Transactions Act 2063 — the unauthorised access-and-damage offences, the fraud-and-forgery faces; the Criminal Code 2074's computer-related provisions; the new legislation's debates (the cyber law's modernisation — the Cyber Law course's world, LAW5705). The organised dimension: the crime-as-a-service economy (the hacking tools' markets); the cross-border investigation's challenges (the evidence's location, the jurisdiction's puzzles). The enforcement: the police's cyber bureaus (the CIB's digital faces); the awareness's front (the victim's prevention).