5.5 International Criminal Court and Jurisdiction

The Rome Statute (1998, in force 2002): the permanent court's birth — the complementarity principle (the national systems' primacy — the ICC as the court of last resort); the jurisdiction's crimes: the genocide (the intent's destruction), the crimes against humanity (the widespread- or-systematic catalogue), the war crimes (the grave breaches + the serious violations — the IAC- and-NIAC lists), the aggression (the activated crime — the leadership crime's conditions); the trigger mechanisms (the state referral, the UNSC's referral, the Prosecutor's proprio motu); the structural faces (the Assembly of States Parties; the no-immunity rule; the cooperation regime; the victims' participation-and-reparations); the critiques-and-crisis (the Africa-withdrawal debates; the powerful-states' non-membership — the US-China-Russia faces; the Ukraine's involvement- triggered surge); the Nepal record (verified): Nepal is not a state party — the 2006 parliamentary resolution urging ratification remains unimplemented (the decades-long pending item; the complementarity's questions for the conflict-era cases — the national proceedings' adequacy debate).