5.6 Challenges and Limitations of Enforcement

1. The enforcement gap — the IHL's frequent violation-and-rare punishment (the selectivity's pattern). 2. The political shields — the veto's block (the Syria's faces); the non-parties' immunity-from- ICC (the big powers' positions). 3. The evidence's difficulty — the conflict zones' documentation (the witness protection, the forensics — the Forensic Science course's interface, LAW5510). 4. The new wars' faces — the non-state groups' inaccessibility; the fragmentation of the conflicts; the cyber-and-autonomy's questions (the killer robots' debates). 5. The compliance's softer problem — the norm's knowledge (the dissemination's gap); the reciprocal erosion's dynamic (the "they did it first" spiral). 6. The accountability's long arc — the decades-later prosecutions (the old men's trials); the truth-vs-justice-and-peace debates (the amnesties' contested accommodation).