The poverty's definitional journey (the exam's core arc):
1. The income-line face (the classical): the consumption-or-income below-the-line (the dollar- a-day's evolution (the extreme-poverty line's updating: the $1.90 → the $2.15 line (the 2017- PPP world))); the national lines (the Nepal's own poverty line (the NLSS-based consumption measure)).
2. The basic-needs face: the deprivation's list (the food-water-shelter-health-education minimums (the line's fuller content)).
3. The capability face (Sen's revolution): the poverty as the capability-deprivation (the beings-and-doings (the "Development as Freedom" core (the income-as-means-not-end))); the Human Development's follow (the HDI's multidimensional turn).
4. The multidimensional face (the present standard): the MPI (the overlapping deprivations (the health-education-living-standards's ten indicators)); the poverty's many rooms (the money alone misses).
5. The legal face (the course's lens): the poverty as the rights-denial (the constitutional-and- human-rights catalogue unfulfilled (U3's frame: the poor's rights as the law's duties)).