5.4 Forest and Water Conservation Laws

1. The Forest Act 2076 (2019): the forests' modern framework — the classification (the national, community, private, religious-and-Lease forests); the community forestry's global model (the user groups' devolution — the FUGs' millions of hectares: the conservation-and- livelihoods' Nepali innovation); the offences (the illegal felling-and-encroachment); the federal faces (the three-level forestry functions). 2. The historical line — the Forest Act 2049's era (the community forestry's legal birth); the nationalisation's lessons (the 1957's paradox). 3. The water laws: the Water Resources Act 2049 (the utilisation's priority-order: drinking- irrigation-...; the licensing); the rivers' pollution interface (the EPA's water standards); the rivers-and-sea course's depth (LAW5707); the Soil-and-Watershed Conservation Act 2039 (the upland degradation's response). The prescribed case (cited verbatim; honest note): Adv. Khagendra Subedi and Others v. Government of Nepal et al. (Writ No. 067-WO-0694, D.No. 10086) — the forest-and-environment PIL era's case (read the report for the precise facts-and-holding).